Mastering Tense and Number: Essential English Grammar for all Students

TENSE AND NUMBER

►Onset by the name of Allah who is the beneficent and merciful. ïiæ K‡ib Avjøvn&i bv‡g whwb cig KiæYvgq Ges AwZ `qvjy| Learn by the name of Allah who has created you. wk‡Lb Avjøvn&i bv‡g whwb Avcbv‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb|

►This composition must cooperate you to comprehend English.

GB iPbv Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Bs‡iRx eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

►If you feel like learning English, (hw` Avcbvi Bs‡iRx wkL‡Z B‡”Q K‡i) Carry on. Pvwj‡q hvb| This is how……….Gfv‡e..........

►Number `yB cÖKvi| †hgb:

01.     Singular number- GKePb: GKwU ev GKRb eySv‡j Singular number nq|

†hgb: He, She, It, The pen, A book etc.

02.     Plural number- eûePb: GKwU ev GKR‡bi †ewk eySv‡j Plural number nq|

‡hgb: They, We, The pens etc.

►Person wZb cÖKvi| †hgb:

01.     1^st person → I and We.

02.     2^nd person → You.

03.     3^rd person → I Ges You Qvov GKv Av‡Q hviv 3^rd person singular number Zviv| †hgb: He, She, They, It, The man, The men, The woman, The women, The virgin, College Road, Mymensingh, Dhaka and so on.

3^rd Person Singular Number (wkL‡Z n‡e)

►I Ges You Qvov GKv Av‡Q hviv 3^rd person singular number Zviv|

†hgb: It, He, She, Misty, Ayon, A man, The man, A woman, The woman, A fan, A door, MasterMind, Hazi Elias Ali Market, College Road, Beanibazar, Sylhet.

►Infinite, gerund, verbal noun, clause BZ¨vw` ev‡K¨i Subject wn‡m‡e _vK‡j Zv 3^rd person singular number.

Ex: To tell a lie is a great sin.

Ex: Swimming is a good exercise.

Ex: The writing of poem is my favorite hobby.

Ex: That you completed the course is known to me.

►GKK `yiZ¡, cwigvY, mgq, &IRb, eqm, A_© BZ¨vw` 3^rd person singular number.

Ex: Fifty yards is a good distance.

Ex: Ten thousand dollars is a big amount of money.

►Uncountable noun Ges Abstract noun A‡_©i w`K †_‡K plural n‡jI 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular number. G ai‡bi noun ¸‡jv n†jv: Scenery - `„k¨, machinery - hš¿cvwZ, furniture - AvmevecÎ, wages - gRywi, poetry - Kve¨, Issue - Av‡jvP¨ welq, brick - BU, hair - Pzj, alphabet - eY©gvjv, luggage - gvj-cÎ, air - evZvm, smoke - ‡auvqv, oxygen - A¤øRvb, water - cvwb, milk - `ya, ink - Kvwj, soup - ‡Svj, dust - a~jv, sand - evwj, rice - fvZ, grass - Nvm, salt - jeb, honesty - mZZv, courage - mvnm, peace - kvwšÍ, sympathy - mnvbyf~wZ, football, cotton - Zzjv, cooking - ivbœv, parking - Mvwo ivLvi ¯’vb, training - cÖwkÿY, clothing - ‡cvkvK cwi”Q`, love - fvjevmv, advice - Dc‡`k, knowledge - Ávb

Ex: Milk is not cheap in cost.

Ex: The scenery of Cox’s Bazar is very charming.

►Physics - c`v_©we`¨v, mathematics - MwYZ, politics - ivRbxwZ, gallows - duvwmKvV, economics - A_©bxwZ, civics - ‡cŠibxwZ, ethics - bxwZwe`¨v, statistics - cwimsL¨vbwe`¨v BZ¨vw` 3^rd person singular number

Ex: The Wages of sin is death.

Ex: Mathematics is my favorite subject.

►And Øviv hy³ `ywU c` GKB e¨w³‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡j cÖ_g c‡`i c~‡e©B The e‡m wKš‘ wØZxq c‡`i c~‡e©B The e‡m bv G iKg n‡j Zv 3^rd person singular number.

Ex: The headmaster and secretary has helped a lame dog over a stile.

GLv‡b whwb headmaster wZwbB secretary. Zvi gv‡b GKRb‡K eySv‡”Q|

►mvaviYZ and Øviv hy³ `ywU c` Avjv`v `yÕRb e¨w³‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡j `yÕwU c‡`i c~‡e©B The e‡m| G iKg n‡j Zv 3^rd person singular number bv|

Ex: The headmaster and the secretary have given me a hand.

GLv‡b whwb headmaster GKRb Ges secretary Ab¨Rb| Zvi gv‡b GKRb‡K eySv‡”Q bv|

►Aristocracy - AwfRvZ kvmK‡Mvôx, nobility - gnvbyfeZv, clergy - hvRKgÛjx, people - RbZv, police - cywjk, public - RbmvaviY, peasantry - K…lK †kÖYx, mankind - gvbeRvZx, cattle - Mevw` cï, poultry - nuvmgyiwM, folk - ‡jvK, gentry - AwfRvZ m¤úª`vq, vermin - AwbôKi RxeRš‘, dozen - Awbw`©ó msL¨v, pair - ‡Rvov BZ¨vw` †`L‡Z singular g‡b n‡jI G¸‡jv 3^rd person singular number bv|

Ex: The police in Bangladesh are more corrupted than before.

Ex: The nobility of Bangladeshi are seen in a blue moon.

Present Indefinite Tense A_ev Present Simple Tense

►wbZ¨,Af¨vmMZ I wPišÍb mZ¨ Present Indefinite Tense.

†hgb Ñ Kwi, K‡i, K‡ib, Kwim, hvB, hvq, hvb, hvm, cwo, co, c‡o, c‡ob, cwim, NygvB, Nygvq, NygvI, Nygvb, Nygvm, D‡V, Wy‡e, bv‡P, Mvq, ‡Lwj, †Lj, †L‡jb, †Lwjm, Av‡m, Avwm, Av‡mb BZ¨vw`|

►Subject + V1 + Object + Extension.

►hw` Subject 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular number nq Z‡e g~j Verb Gi mv‡_ s ev es ‡hvM Ki‡Z nq| †h me Verb Gi †k‡l s, h, x, o Ges z _v‡K Zv‡`i †k‡l mvaviYZ es ‡hvM Ki‡Z nq|

►‡hgb:

wgwó ingvb Avgv‡K Bs‡iRx wkLvq|

Misty Rahman teaches me English.

Aqb mvaviYZ mwZ¨ NUbv cÖKvk K‡i|

Ayon generally expresses true event.

Avwg †Zvgv‡K Av`i Kwi → I adore you.

►Note: Always - me©`v, daily - cÖwZw`b, every + time (everyday, every week, every year, every month etc), generally - mvaviYZ, naturally - cÖK…wZMZfv‡e, normally - ¯^vfvweKev‡e, ordinarily - mvaviYfv‡e, regularly - wbqwgZev‡e, usually - mPivPi, frequently / sometimes - gv‡S gv‡S, occasionally - gv‡S gv‡S, (very) often - cÖvqB, now and then - gv‡S gv‡S, BZ¨vw` _vK‡j evK¨wU mvaviYZ present indefinite tense nq| Z‡e past habit (AZxZ Af¨vm)  eySv‡j evK¨vwU past indefinite tense nq|

Ex: Rubel says prayer everyday.

Ex: He was never absent from School.

Present continuous Tense

►†h KvRwU eZ©gv‡b Pwj‡Z‡Q Zv‡K Present Continuous Tense e‡j|

►evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvq: evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l †ZQ, †ZwQ, †Z‡Q, †Z‡Qb, ”Q, †”Q, w”Q, †”Qb, wQ, Q, †Qb, BZ¨vw`i †h †Kvb GKwU †hvM _v‡K|

►MVb: Subject + am/is/are + V4 + object + Extension.

►‡hgb:

mv`gvb GKwU Mvb MvB‡Q|

Sadman is singing a song.

Zviv gv‡V wµ‡KU †Lwj‡Z‡Q|

They are playing Cricket in the field.

Avwg GLb Bs‡iRx wkLwQ|

Now I am learning English.

►Note: I Gi Rb¨ am, 3^rd person singular number Gi Rb¨ is, evwK mevi Rb¨ are.

►Note:  V1 - verb Gi Present form,               V2 - Verb Gi Past form,

               V3 - Verb Gi Past participle form,   V4 - Verb Gi mv‡_ ing

►Note: ‡Kvb sentence-G now, at this moment, at this time, day by day, day after day, gradually, increasingly BZ¨vw` _vK‡j D³ sentence wU mvaviYZ present continuous tense nq

Ex: The students of Atik sir are increasing day by day.

Present Perfect Tense

►†h KvRwU GB gvÎ †kl n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zvi dj GLbI eZ©gvb Zv‡K Present Perfect Tense e‡j|

►evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvq: evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l qvQ, qvwQ, qv‡Q, †q‡Qb, †qP, †q‡Q GiKg GKwU †hvM _v‡K|

►MVY: Subject + have/has + V3 + object + Extension.

►‡hgb:

†mv‡qe KvRwU Kwiqv‡Q|

Shoyeb has done the work.

Avgiv Zv‡K mvnvh¨ KwiqvwQ|

We have helped him.

►Note: 3^rd person singular number Gi Rb¨ has Ges mevi Rb¨ have.

►Note: ‡Kvb sentence G just, just now, ever, yet, still. lately, recently, already, in the mean time, so far, up to now, up to the present BZ¨vw` _vK‡j D³ sentence wU mvaviYZ present perfect tense nqÒjust”kãwU have/has Ges V3 Gi gv‡S e‡m|

Ex: We have just reached MasterMind.

Ex: I have got admitted at MasterMind recently.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

►‡h KvRwU AZx‡Z ïiæ n‡q GLbI Pj‡Q Zv‡K Present Perfect Continuous Tense e‡j|

►MVY: Subject + Number Ges Person Abymv‡i have been/has been + verb Gi mv‡_ ing + object + Extension.

►Note: GB Tense G since Ges for e‡m| wbw`©ó mgq eySv‡j since Ges Awbw`©ó mgq eySv‡j for e‡m| msL¨v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv hvq G iKg mg‡qi Av‡M for e‡m| †hgb- 1 N›Uv, 2 N›Uv, 3 N›Uv .........

►‡hgb:

ivwKe mKvj nB‡Z †KviAvb ci‡Q|

Rakib has been reading the Quran since morning.

Zviv wZb N›Uv hver †Lj‡Q|

They have been playing for three hours.

Past Indefinite Tense

►†h KvRwU m¤úyY© iƒ‡c †kl Zv‡K Past Indefinite Tense e‡j|

►wPwbevi Dcvq: evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l j, jvg, wQjvg, †jb, wQ‡jb, Z, †Z, Zvg, †Zb, wb BZ¨vw`i †h †Kvb GKwU †hvM _v‡K|

►MVb: Subject +V2 + object +Extension

►‡hgb:

Aqb GLv‡b evm KiZ|

Ayon lived here.

‡m GKwU KweZv wjLj|

He wrote a poem.

►Note: ‡Kvb sentence G AZxZ wb‡`©kK †Kvb kã ev phrase ‡hgb yesterday, last week, last month, last year, last decade, last century, long ago, long since, once upon a time, once, formerly, back, in the past, in those days, the day before, the previous day BZ¨vw` _vK‡j  past indefinite tense  nq|

Ex: I completed my task two days ago.

Past Continuous Tense

►†h KvRwU AZx‡Z PjwQj Zv‡K Past Continuous Tense e‡j|

►evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvq: evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l †ZwQj, †ZwQ‡j, †ZwQjvg, †ZwQ‡jb, w”Qj, w”Qjvg, w”Q‡jb BZ¨w`i †h †Kvb GKwU †hvM _v‡K|

►MVb: Subject + was/were + V4 + object + Extension.

►‡hgb :

Avgiv gvQ ai‡ZwQjvg|

We were catching fish.

wgï GKwU Mvb MvB‡ZwQj|

Mishu was singing a song.

►Note: Subject singular number n‡j was Ges Plural number n‡j were e‡m|

Past Perfect Tense

►GB Tense `ywU Tense _v‡K| GKwU Past Perfect Tense AciwU Past Indefinite Tense. ‡h KvRwU Av‡M nq Zv Past Perfect Tense Ges †h KvRwU c‡i nq Zv Past Indefinite Tense. GB Tense G before Ges after e‡m| Before Gi Av‡M Ges after Gi c‡i Past Perfect Tense e‡m| After Gi Av‡M Ges before Gi c‡i Past Indefinite Tense e‡m|

►MVb:

►(1) Subject + had + V3 + object + before + subject + V2

►(2) Subject + V2 + object + after + subject + had + V3

►(3) No sooner + had + subject + V3+ object +Extension + than + Past indefinite tense.

►(4) Scarcely/Hardly + had + subject + V3+ obj +Extension + when + past indefinite tense.

►‡hgb:

†gŠ Avwmevi c~‡e© Avwg Pv cvb Kijvg|

I had taken tea before Mou came.

Zviv bvUKwU †`Lvi ci Avwg †mLv‡b †cŠQjvg|

I reached there after they had watched the drama.

Avwg evwn‡i ‡h‡Z bv †h‡ZB e„wó Gj|        

No sooner had I gone out than the rain came.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

►AZxZ Kv‡j `yBwU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †h KvRwU `xN© mgq a‡i PjwQj Zv‡K Past Perfect Continuous Tense e‡j|

►MVb: Subject + had been + V4 + object + Extension.

►‡hgb:

Avwg wZb w`b hver KvRwU Kwi‡ZwQjvg|

I had been doing the work for three days.

Zviv Avwmevi c~‡©e wMqvm `yBN›Uv hver eBwU cwi‡ZwQj|

Giash had been reading the book for two hours before they came.

Keep Atik Sir In Touch And Shape Your English

Future Indefinite Tense

►†h KvRwU NU‡e ev n‡e Zv‡K Future Indefinite Tense e‡j|

►evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvq: evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l e, †e, †eb BZ¨vw`i †h †Kvb GKwU †hvM _v‡K|

►MVb: Sobject + Shall/Will + V1+ object + Extension.

►‡hgb:

Avwg XvKv hve|

I shall/will go to Dhaka

Zviv gv‡V †Lj‡e|

They will play in the field.

Note: 1^st person G shall Ges me RvqMvq will e‡m| shall Gi e¨envi GLb †bB ej‡jB P‡j|

Future Continuous Tense

►†h KvRwU fwel¨r Kv‡j Pj‡Z _vwK‡e Zv‡K Future Continuous Tense e‡j|

►evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvq: evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l †Z_vwKe, †Z_vwK‡e, †Z_vwK‡eb BZ¨vw`i †h †Kvb GKwU †hvM _v‡K|

►MVY: Subject + Shall be/will be + V4 + object +Extension.

►‡hgb:

Awj GKwU Mvb MvB‡Z _vwK‡e|

Oli will be singing a song.

Avgiv Bnv †`LvB‡Z _vwKe|

We will be showing it.

Future Perfect Tense

►fwel¨r Kv‡j `ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †h KvRwU Av‡M †kl n‡q _vK‡e Zv‡K Future Perfect Tense e‡j|

►evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvq: evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l Bqv_vwKe,Bqv_vwK‡e,Bqv_vwK‡eb BZ¨vw`i †h  †Kvb GKwU †hvM _v‡K|

►MVb: Subject + shall have/will have + V3+ object + Extension.

►‡hgb:

†m Avwmevi cy‡e© Avwg Pv ˆZix Kwiqv_vwKe|

I shall/will have made tea before he will come/he comes.

►Note: ‡h KvRwU c‡i nq Dnv Future Indefinite Tense A_ev Present Indefinite Tense nq|

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

►fwel¨r Kv‡j `ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ ‡h KvRwU Av‡M †_‡K Pj‡Z _vK‡e Zv‡K Future Perfect Continuous Tense e‡j|

►evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvq: evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l †Z_vwKe, †Z_vwK‡e, †Z_vwK‡eb BZ¨vw`i †h †Kvb GKwU †hvM _v‡K|

►MVb: Subject + shall have been/will have been + V4 + object + Extension.

►‡hgb:

Zzwg bv Avmv ch©šÍ Avwg †Zvgvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kwi‡Z _vwKe|

I shall have been waiting for you until you will come/you come.

bvmwib `yB N›Uv a‡i KvRwU Kwi‡Z _vwK‡e|

Nsarin will have been doing the work for two hours.